1.1 時間: ～とき [when…]

わたしは散歩するとき、このしろいくつをはきます。

When I go for a walk, I wear these white shoes.

當我散步時，我會穿這雙白色鞋子。

Part	Romaji	Role	Meaning
わたし	watashi	subject	I
は	wa	particles	topic marker
散歩する	sanpo-suru	verb conjugations	to take a walk
とき	toki	modifiers	when
この	kono	modifiers	this
しろい	shiroi	modifiers	white
くつ	kutsu	object	shoes
を	wo	particles	object marker
はきます	haki-masu	predicate	wear

When I got injured, my mother was very worried.

當我受傷的時候，媽媽非常擔心。

Part	Romaji	Role	Meaning
わたし	watashi	subject	I
が	ga	particles	subject marker
けがを	kega-wo	modifiers	injury
した	shi-ta	verb conjugations	did
とき	toki	modifiers	when
母	haha	subject	mother
は	wa	particles	topic marker
とても	totemo	modifiers	very
心配しまし	shinpai-shi-mashi	predicate	worried
た	ta	verb conjugations	past tense

I often listen to this music, both when I am happy and when I am lonely.

無論是開心的時候還是寂寞的時候，我經常聽這首音樂。

Part	Romaji	Role	Meaning
うれしいときもさびしいときも	ureshii-toki-mo-sabishii-toki-mo	modifiers	when happy or when lonely
よく	yoku	modifiers	often
この音楽を	kono-ongaku-wo	modifiers	this music
聞きます	kiki-masu	predicate	listen

When my child is sick, I take time off work.

當孩子生病時，我會請假不上班。

Part	Romaji	Role	Meaning
子ども	kodomo	subject	child
が	ga	particles	subject marker
病気の	byo-ki-no	modifiers	sick
とき	toki	modifiers	when
は	wa	particles	topic marker
わたし	watashi	subject	I
仕事	shigoto	predicate	work
を	wo	particles	object marker
休みます	yasumi-masu	verb conjugations	will take a break

When I meet someone in the morning, I say “Good morning.

早上見到人時，會說：“早上好。”

Part	Romaji	Role	Meaning
朝	asa	modifiers	morning
人	hito	subject	person
に	ni	particles	indirect object marker
あった	a-t-ta	verb conjugations	existed
と	to	particles	quotation marker
言います	ii-masu	predicate	say
おはようございます	ohayo—gozai-masu	modifiers	good morning

Yesterday, when I went to sleep, I closed the window.

昨天睡覺時，我關上了窗戶。

Part	Romaji	Role	Meaning
きのう	kino	modifiers	yesterday
ねるとき	neru-toki	modifiers	when sleeping
まどを	mado o	particles	object marker
閉めました	shime-mashi-ta	predicate	closed