16.2 条件: …ば ·…なら(ば) [If…]
軽いかぜでしょう。ゆっくり休めば、なおりますよ。
- It’s probably just a mild cold. If you rest properly, you will recover.
- 可能是輕微的風寒。如果慢慢休息的話，會好起來的。
| Part | Romaji | Role | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 軽いかぜでしょう | karui-kaze-desho-u | predicate | It’s probably a light cold. |
| ゆっくり休めば | yukkuri-yasume-ba | modifiers | If you rest slowly |
| なおりますよ | naori-masu-yo | predicate | it will get better. |
市役所でもらったお知らせの文はむずかしいです。
- The notice I received from the city hall is difficult.
- 市政府發給我的通知書很難。
| Part | Romaji | Role | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 市役所でもらった | shiyakusho-de-mora-t-ta | modifiers | received at the city office |
| お知らせの | oshirase-no | modifiers | notification’s |
| 文は | bun-wa | subject | sentence (topic marker) |
| むずかしいです。 | muzukashii-desu-。 | predicate | is difficult. |
よく読まなければわかりません。
- If you don’t read it well, you won’t understand.
- 如果不仔細閱讀，就無法理解。
| Part | Romaji | Role | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| よく | yoku | modifiers | well |
| 読まなければ | yoma-nakere-ba | verb conjugations | if not read |
| わかりません | wakari-mase-n | predicate | don’t understand |
料理がおいしければ、そのレストランに食べに行きたい。
- If the food is delicious, I want to go eat at that restaurant.
- 如果食物很美味，我想去那家餐廳吃飯。
| Part | Romaji | Role | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 料理が | ryo-ri-ga | subject | the food (subject marker) |
| おいしければ | oishikere-ba | modifiers | if it is delicious |
| そのレストランに | sono resutoran ni | particles | to that restaurant |
| 食べに | tabe-ni | verb conjugations | to eat |
| 行きたい。 | iki-tai-。 | predicate | want to go. |
このDVD、とてもいいよ。
- This DVD is very good.
- 這個DVD非常好。
| Part | Romaji | Role | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| この | kono | modifiers | this |
| DVD | DVD | subject | DVD |
| とてもいいよ | totemo-ii-yo | predicate | very good |
見たければ、貸してあげるよ。
- If you want to see it, I’ll lend it to you.
- 如果你想看的話，我可以借給你。
| Part | Romaji | Role | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 見たければ | mi-takere-ba | verb conjugations | if you want to see |
| 貸してあげるよ | kashi-te-ageru-yo | predicate | I will lend it to you |
あしたひまなら、山の写真の展覧会に行きませんか。
- Would you like to go to a photography exhibition of mountains tomorrow if you’re free?
- 明天有空的話，你要不要一起去山上的攝影展覽會？
| Part | Romaji | Role | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| あした | ashita | modifiers | tomorrow |
| ひまなら | hima-nara | modifiers | if free |
| 山の | yama-no | modifiers | of the mountain |
| 写真の | shashin-no | modifiers | of the photograph |
| 展覧会に | tenran-kai-ni | modifiers | to the exhibition |
| 行きませんか | iki-mase-n-ka | predicate | shall we go? |
へやが静かでなければ、わたしは勉強できません。
- If the room is not quiet, I cannot study.
- 如果房間不安靜，我就無法學習。
| Part | Romaji | Role | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| へやが | heya-ga | subject | the room (subject marker) |
| 静かでなければ | shizuka-de-nakere-ba | modifiers | if it is not quiet |
| わたしは | watashi-wa | - | I (topic marker) |
| 勉強できません。 | benkyo—deki-mase-n-。 | predicate | cannot study |
もし、その人がいい人ならば、いっしょに仕事をしたい。
- If that person is a good person, I want to work together.
- 如果那個人是好人的話，我想和他一起工作。
| Part | Romaji | Role | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| もし | moshi | modifiers | if |
| その人が | sono-hito-ga | subject | that person (subject marker) |
| いい人ならば | ii-hito-nara-ba | modifiers | if a good person |
| いっしょに | issho-ni | modifiers | together |
| 仕事を | shigoto-wo | object | work (object marker) |
| したい。 | shi-tai-。 | predicate | want to do. |
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