14.I.2 様子·状態: Vてあります [be in the state of V]
母のへやには家族のむかしの写真がかざってあります。
- In my mother’s room, there are old family photos displayed.
- 母親的房間裡擺放着家人過去的照片。
| Part | Romaji | Role | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 母 | haha | subject | mother |
| の | no | particles | possessive marker |
| へや | heya | modifiers | room |
| には | niwa | particles | location marker |
| 家族 | kazoku | modifiers | family |
| の | no | particles | possessive marker |
| むかし | mukashi | modifiers | past |
| の | no | particles | possessive marker |
| 写真 | shashin | modifiers | photograph |
| が | ga | particles | subject marker |
| かざってあります | kaza-t-te-ari-masu | predicate | are displayed |
このノート、だれのでしょうか。
- Whose notebook is this?
- 這個筆記是誰的?
| Part | Romaji | Role | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| この | kono | modifiers | this |
| ノート | no-to | subject | notebook |
| だれの | dare-no | modifiers | whose |
| でしょうか | desho-u-ka | verb conjugations | is it? |
ええ、見物するコースを決めてあります。
- Yes, I have decided on a course to observe.
- 是的,我們已經決定了觀光的路線。
| Part | Romaji | Role | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| ええ | e | modifiers | yes |
| 見物する | kenbutsu-suru | predicate | to sightsee |
| コース | ko-su | object | course |
| を | wo | particles | object marker |
| 決めてあります | kime-te-ari-masu | verb conjugations | have decided |
レストランも予約してあります。
- I have also made a reservation for the restaurant.
- 已經為餐廳做了預約。
| Part | Romaji | Role | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| レストラン | resutoran | subject | restaurant |
| も | mo | particles | also |
| 予約してあります | yoyaku-shi-te-ari-masu | predicate | have made a reservation |
わたしはもう夏休みの計画表を作ってあります。
- I have already made a summer vacation schedule.
- 我已經制定了暑假計劃表。
| Part | Romaji | Role | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| わたし | watashi | subject | I |
| は | wa | particles | topic marker |
| もう | mo | modifiers | already |
| 夏休みの | natsuyasumi-no | modifiers | summer vacation’s |
| 計画表を | keikaku-hyo—wo | modifiers | plan table |
| 作ってあります | tsuku-t-te-ari-masu | predicate | have made |
リンさんのですよ。裏にリンさんの名前が書いてありますよ。
- It’s Rin’s. Rin’s name is written on the back.
- 這是林先生的。背面寫着林先生的名字。
| Part | Romaji | Role | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| リンさんのですよ | rin-san-no-desu-yo | predicate | It is Rin’s |
| 裏に | ura ni | - | on the back (side) |
| リンさんの | Rin-san no | modifiers | Mr./Ms. Lin’s |
| 名前が | namae ga | subject | name (subject marker) |
| 書いてありますよ。 | kaite arimasu yo. | predicate | is written (informative) |
駅のかべに、いろいろなポスターがはってありますね。
- There are various posters on the walls of the station, aren’t there?
- 在車站的牆上,貼着各種各樣的海報呢。
| Part | Romaji | Role | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 駅 | eki | subject | station |
| の | no | particles | possessive marker |
| かべ | ka-be | subject | wall |
| に | ni | particles | location marker |
| いろいろな | iroiro-na | modifiers | various |
| ポスター | posuta | subject | poster |
| が | ga | particles | subject marker |
| はってあります | ha-t-te-ari-masu | predicate | are hung |
| ね | ne | particles | sentence-ending particle |
おむかえに来ました。
- I have come to pick you up.
- 我來接你了。
| Part | Romaji | Role | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| おむかえに | o-mukae-ni | modifiers | came to pick up |
| 来ました | ki-mashi-ta | predicate | came |
門の前にわたしの車を止めてありますから、
- I have parked my car in front of the door, so…
- 我的車停在門前了,因此,
| Part | Romaji | Role | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 門の前に | mon-no-mae-ni | modifiers | in front of the gate |
| わたしの | watashi-no | modifiers | my |
| 車を | kuruma-wo | subject | car |
| 止めてあります | tome-te-ari-masu | predicate | is parked |
| から | kara | particles | because |
すぐに出発しましょう。
- Let’s depart immediately.
- 讓我們立即出發。
| Part | Romaji | Role | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| すぐに | sugu-ni | modifiers | immediately |
| 出発 | shuppatsu | predicate | departure |
| しましょう | shi-masho-u | verb conjugations | let’s do |
アサヒ社には着く時間を知らせてあります。
- I have informed Asahi Company of the arrival time.
- 我已經通知了旭社我將到達的時間。
| Part | Romaji | Role | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| アサヒ社 | asahi-sha | subject | Asahi company |
| に | ni | particles | direction marker |
| は | wa | particles | topic marker |
| 着く | tsuku | verb conjugations | to arrive |
| 時間 | jikan | modifiers | time |
| を | o | particles | object marker |
| 知らせてあります | shirase-te-ari-masu | predicate | have informed |
それはどうもありがとうございます。
- Thank you very much for that.
- 那真是非常感謝。
| Part | Romaji | Role | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| それ | sore | subject | it |
| は | wa | particles | topic marker |
| どうも | do-mo | modifiers | very much |
| ありがとうございます | arigato—gozai-masu | predicate | thank you very much |
旅行は来週ですね。もう準備はしてありますか。
- Travel is next week, isn’t it? Have you already made preparations?
- 旅行是下週吧。你已經準備好了嗎?
| Part | Romaji | Role | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 旅行 | ryoko | subject | travel |
| は | wa | particles | topic marker |
| 来週 | raishu | modifiers | next week |
| です | desu | predicate | is |
| ね | ne | particles | sentence-ending particle |
| もう | mo | modifiers | already |
| 準備 | junbi | subject | preparation |
| は | wa | particles | topic marker |
| してあります | shi-te-ari-masu | verb conjugations | have done |
| か | ka | particles | question marker |
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