11.I.5 伝聞·引用: 命令形と(言います)·禁止形と(言います) [(say) imperative; (say) prohibition]

中村先生は、若いときにいい本をたくさん読めとおっしゃいます

Mr. Nakamura advises to read many good books when you are young.

中村先生說年輕時要多讀好書。

Part	Romaji	Role	Meaning
中村先生	nakamura-sensei	subject	Mr. Nakamura
は	wa	particles	topic marker
若いときに	wakai-toki-ni	modifiers	when young
いい本	ii-hon	object	good books
たくさん	takusan	modifiers	a lot
読め	yome	verb conjugation	read
と	to	particles	quotation marker
おっしゃいます	osshai-masu	predicate	says

My mother’s letters always remind me to take care of my body.

母親的信上總是寫着要好好保重身體。

Part	Romaji	Role	Meaning
母	haha	subject	mother
の	no	particles	possessive marker
手紙	tegami	modifiers	letter
には	ni wa	particles	topic marker
いつも	itsumo	modifiers	always
体	karada	object	body
を	o	particles	object marker
大切に	taisetsu-ni	modifiers	carefully
しろ	shiro	verb conjugations	imperative form of “suru” (do)
と	to	particles	quotation marker
書いてあります	kai-te-ari-masu	predicate	is written

My father says “Don’t fight with others.

父親說不要和人打架。

Part	Romaji	Role	Meaning
父	chichi	subject	father
は	wa	particles	topic marker
人	hito	modifiers	person
と	to	particles	quoting particle
けんか	kenka	modifiers	fight
する	suru	verb conjugations	to do
な	na	verb conjugations	negative
と	to	particles	quoting particle
言います	ii-masu	predicate	says

My mother always says, “Eat a lot of vegetables.

母親總是說“多吃蔬菜”。

Part	Romaji	Role	Meaning
母は	haha wa	subject	Mother (topic marker)
いつも	itsumo	-	always
「野菜をたくさん食べなさい」と	”yasai o takusan tabenasai” to	-	”Eat a lot of vegetables” (direct quotation)
言います。	iimasu	predicate	says

In my mother’s letter, she always writes “Eat plenty of vegetables.”

母親的信中總是寫着要多吃蔬菜。

Part	Romaji	Role	Meaning
母	haha	subject	mother
の	no	particles	possessive marker
手紙	tegami	modifiers	letter
には	ni-wa	particles	topic marker
いつも	itsumo	modifiers	always
野菜	yasai	modifiers	vegetables
を	o	particles	object marker
たくさん	takusan	modifiers	a lot
食べろ	tabero	verb conjugations	imperative form of “eat”
と	to	particles	quotation marker
書いてあります	kai-te-ari-masu	predicate	is written