11.I.2 伝聞·引用:「…」と(言います) …… と(言います) [(say)「 … 」;(say)that …]

ラナさんは「野球の試合をはじめて見ました」と言いました。

Rana said, “I watched a baseball game for the first time.”

拉娜說：“我第一次看棒球比賽。”

Part	Romaji	Role	Meaning
ラナさん	rana-san	subject	Lana
は	wa	particles	topic marker
野球の試合	yakyu—no-shiai	modifiers	baseball game
を	wo	particles	direct object marker
はじめて	hajimete	modifiers	for the first time
見ました	mi-mashi-ta	predicate	watched
と言いました	toiimashita	predicate	said

My grandmother counts as “one, two, three” instead of saying “ichi, ni, san” in Japanese.

祖母不說”一、二、三”，而是說”一つ、ふたつ、みっつ”來數數。

Part	Romaji	Role	Meaning
祖母は	sobo wa	subject	Grandmother (topic marker)
「いち、に、さん」と	”ichi, ni, san” to	-	”one, two, three” (direct quotation)
言わないで	iwanai de	verb conjugations	do not say
「ひとつ、ふたつ、みっつ」と	”hitotsu, futatsu, mittsu” to	-	”one, two, three” (direct quotation)
数えます	kazoemasu	predicate	counts

Dogs bark “woof woof” and cats meow “meow meow”.

狗會汪汪叫，貓會喵喵叫。

Part	Romaji	Role	Meaning
犬	inu	subject	dog
は	wa	particles	topic marker
ワンワン	wan-wan	modifiers	woof woof
ねこ	neko	subject	cat
は	wa	particles	topic marker
ニャーニャー	nyaanya-	modifiers	meow meow
鳴きます	naki-masu	predicate	makes sound

In English, “Thank you” is said as “arigatou” in Japanese.

英語中的“Thank you”在日語中是「ありがとう」。

Part	Romaji	Role	Meaning
英語の	eigo-no	modifiers	of English
Thank you	Thank you	subject	Thank you
は	wa	particles	topic marker
日本語で	nihongo-de	modifiers	in Japanese
ありがとう	arigato	predicate	thank you
と	to	particles	quotation marker
言います	ii-masu	verb conjugations	say

Rana said she watched a baseball game for the first time.

拉娜說她第一次看棒球比賽。

Part	Romaji	Role	Meaning
ラナさん	rana-san	subject	Lana
は	wa	particles	topic marker
野球の試合	yakyu—no-shiai	modifiers	baseball game
を	o	particles	object marker
はじめて	hajimete	modifiers	for the first time
見た	mi-ta	verb conjugation	saw
と	to	particles	quotation marker
言いました	ii-mashi-ta	predicate	said

Sayuri wrote a letter to her high school teacher saying that she will go back to Kyushu for summer vacation.

小百合在暑假時給高中老師寫了一封她會回九州的信。

Part	Romaji	Role	Meaning
さゆり	sayuri	subject	Sayuri
は	wa	particles	topic marker
高校の先生に	ko-ko—no-sensei-ni	modifiers	to the high school teacher
夏休みに	natsuyasumi-ni	modifiers	in the summer vacation
九州に	kyu-shu—ni	modifiers	to Kyushu
帰る	kaeru	predicate	will return
と	to	particles	quotation marker
手紙を	tegami-wo	modifiers	a letter
書きました	kaki-mashi-ta	verb conjugations	wrote

I think the kanji test yesterday was easy.

我認為昨天的漢字考試很簡單。

Part	Romaji	Role	Meaning
わたし	watashi	subject	I
は	wa	particles	topic marker
きのう	kino	modifiers	yesterday
の	no	particles	possessive marker
漢字	kanji	modifiers	kanji
試験	shiken	modifiers	test
は	wa	particles	topic marker
かんたん	kan-ta-n	modifiers	easy
だった	da-t-ta	verb conjugations	was
と	to	particles	quotation marker
思います	omoi-masu	predicate	think

I also want to go on the factory tour next week.

我也想參加下週的工廠參觀。

Part	Romaji	Role	Meaning
来週	raishu	modifiers	next week
の	no	particles	possessive marker
工場見学	ko-jo—kengaku	subject	factory tour
には	ni wa	particles	topic marker
わたし	watashi	subject	I
も	mo	particles	also
行きたい	iki-tai	predicate	want to go
と思っています	to-omo-t-te-i-masu	verb conjugations	thinking of