9.3 許可·禁止·義務·不必要: …てはいけません·…ではいけません [must not …; cannot be…]

ここは危険です。この川で泳いではいけません。

This place is dangerous. You must not swim in this river.

這個地方危險。不能在這條河裡游泳。

Part	Romaji	Role	Meaning
ここ	koko	subject	here
は	wa	particles	topic marker
危険です	kiken-desu	predicate	is dangerous
この	kono	modifiers	this
川	kawa	subject	river
で	de	particles	(in, at)
泳いでは	oyoide wa	verb conjugations	(you must not swim)
いけません	ikemasen	verb conjugations	(you must not do)

Um, you’re not supposed to dispose of such large garbage here.

對不起，那麼大的垃圾不能放在這裡。

Part	Romaji	Role	Meaning
あの	ano	modifiers	that
そんなに	sonnani	modifiers	that much
大きい	ookii	modifiers	big
ごみ	gomi	subject	trash
は	wa	particles	topic marker
ここに	koko ni	modifiers	here
出して	dashite	verb conjugations	(to put out)
は	wa	particles	(topic marker)
いけないんです	ikenai ndesu	predicate	(you must not do)

Please apply to the cleaning office.

請申請清掃辦公室。

Part	Romaji	Role	Meaning
清掃事務所	seisou jimusho	subject	cleaning office
に	ni	particles	(to, at)
申し込んで	moushikonde	verb conjugations	(please apply)
ください	kudasai	verb conjugations	(please)

Mayumi, your skirt shouldn’t be that short, right?

Mayumi, 裙子不能這麼短，對吧？

Part	Romaji	Role	Meaning
まゆみ	mayumi	subject	Mayumi
スカート	suka-to	subject	skirt
は	wa	particles	topic marker
そんなに	son’nani	modifiers	that much
短くて	mijikaku-te	modifiers	short
いけない	ike-nai	predicate	not allowed
でしょう	desho-u	verb conjugations	indicating conjecture

Can I use a speed photo for the certificate?

證明書的照片可以用速照嗎？

Part	Romaji	Role	Meaning
証明書	sho-mei-sho	subject	certificate
の	no	particles	possessive marker
写真	shashin	modifiers	photograph
は	wa	particles	topic marker
スピード写真	supi-do-shashin	modifiers	speed photograph
では	dewa	particles	topic marker
いけませんか	ike-mase-n-ka	verb conjugations	can’t go?